Introduction

In the previous article we discussed the ways how children are exposed to microplastics(MPs), however the question needs to be followed; how harmful are they and do they carry a serious, often overlooked, threat to the health of children and teens? Though we know they build up in our environment, we’re still learning how they affect our health, especially during important stages of growth and development. New studies show that the chemicals linked to MPs could cause major problems for the brain and body. 

Impact on Brain Development and Autism-like Effects

Research shows that MPs can interfere with brain development, especially during pregnancy. Exposure to MPs may affect how the brain processes emotions, memory, and behavior. In some cases, these disruptions look similar to signs of autism, like problems with memory and social interaction. This is worrying because it suggests that MPs might change how a child’s brain develops, potentially leading to cognitive and behavioral issues later in life. This is especially concerning as the number of autism diagnoses continues to rise (Ragusa, 2022).

Lower IQ from Chemicals in Plastics

Another concern is a group of chemicals called polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), which are often used in flame-resistant plastics. Studies have found that when pregnant women have higher levels of PBDEs, their children tend to have lower IQ scores. These chemicals can also affect attention, memory, and other brain functions. This shows that toxic chemicals in plastics can have long-lasting effects on a child’s cognitive development, particularly during pregnancy (S. Betts, 2013).

Risks from Cadmium in Plastic Toys

Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal found in some plastic toys, especially brightly colored ones. Even low levels of cadmium exposure are dangerous and have been linked to cancer, heart disease, and even premature death. Since many children's toys contain cadmium, this raises concerns about long-term exposure and potential health problems that might appear later in life  (Landrigan PJ, 2023).

Breathing Problems Caused by MPs

Microplastics can also get trapped in the lungs, causing inflammation and other breathing issues. Research suggests that MPs can affect how lung cells work, leading to conditions like asthma, bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The damage caused by these tiny plastic particles can harm the lungs over time, making it harder to breathe (Zhang, 2024).

A Call for Action

The research shows that children are exposed to MPs daily, sometimes even before they’re born. From changes in brain development that resemble autism to lower IQ and long-term health risks, the effects of microplastics are far-reaching. With the growing evidence of their dangers, it's urgent that we take action to reduce exposure, especially for pregnant women and young children.

To protect future generations, we need stronger regulations on plastics, more awareness about their risks, and continued research into safer alternatives. Only then can we begin to reduce the hidden health threats posed by microplastics.